REFS is
a mine of invaluable information for the private investor.
Selecting shares without its help is like trying to
clap with one hand tied behind your back.
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Share capital changes
When a significant
share capital change occurs which gives rise to a share price
adjustment, a mathematical correction is applied to any existing
per share values, such as EPS or share prices, in order to maintain
comparability with any values added subsequently.
A factor, or fraction,
is applied retrospectively to any existing values when one of
the following events occurs:
Rights issues or open offers
Scrip or capitalisation issue
Share consolidation or subdivision
The key test as to
whether a factor should apply in the event of a share capital
change is simply whether the share price changes as a direct
result of the event when it takes effect in the market, and
the shares are first traded ‘ex - event’.
When two or more events
occur together, e.g. a subdivision of 25p shares into 5p followed
immediately by a rights issue, then the individual factors calculated
for each component are multiplied together.
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