REFS is
a mine of invaluable information for the private investor.
Selecting shares without its help is like trying to
clap with one hand tied behind your back.
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FRS3,
IIMR and Normalised earnings
FRS3 earnings
are taken directly from the results as reported by the company
under Financial Reporting Standard 3 (FRS3). FRS3 earnings reflect
all items of profit or loss, including those which might be
regarded as non-trading or exceptional in nature, and which
might be considered to distort any view of underlying or maintainable
performance.
IIMR Headline
earnings are calculated by taking reported results as a starting
point, and then excluding any items which represent non-trading
profits or losses. This adjustment is carried out in accordance
with the current guidelines of the Institute of Investment Management
and Research, the professional body of Investment Analysts and
Fund Managers in the UK. (NOTE: Although IIMR earnings and
EPS are no longer presented within full-page entries, they still
apply to half-page entries used for non-AIM companies.)
Normalised
earnings are calculated by taking reported results as a
starting point, and then excluding any items which are exceptional,
abnormal, or non-recurring in nature, together with any non-trading
profits and losses.
See Calculating
normalised and IIMR earnings and the Impact
on FRS3 results of earlier periods for further explanation.
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